The Internet

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim...

Assalamualaikum dear readers.

Alhamdulillah, it's been a pleasure for us to write this post. So how was your day? Is it good, or not?

Have you ever heard about Internet? You will be called weirdo if  you haven't heard about it yet since this is the mainstream of everything in this 21st Century. You can get almost everything that you need to know.

Why the Internet was created?
How do they create the Internet?
Who develop the Internet?
When do they create and develop the Internet?

Have you ever asked these questions to yourself?

So today's post will explain to you completely about the Internet. (We will try our best)

What is the Internet?

A global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It is an international network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business and government packet switched networks, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies.(Wikipedia)

A Brief History of Internet

Internet

1996
Approximately 45 million people are using the Internet, with roughly 30 million of those in North America (US and Canada), 9 million in Europe, and 6 million in Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, etc). 43.2 million (44%) US households own a personal computer, and 14 million of them are online.

The Universal Resource Locator (URL)

URL consists of three parts.

• Protocol
• Host Name
• File Name

It is separated by special characters as follows - protocol://host/location

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_resource_locator

URL	Explanation
http	The document can be obtained using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
en.wikipedia.org	Host Name – The name of web server
wiki	Path to the Web page
Uniform_resource_locator	File name

There are protocols other than basic HTTP :

Protocol	Explanation
ftp://	File Transfer
http://	Hypertext
https://	Hypertext Secure
Mailto:	Sending email
News:	Requesting news
telnet://	Remote login

Client-Server Architecture

It is a producer-consumer computing architecture where the server acts as the producer and the client as a consumer. The server houses and provides high-end, computing-intensive services to the client on demand. These services can include applications access, storage, file sharing, printer access and/or direct access to the server's raw computing power. 

Client-server architecture works when the client computer sends a resource or process request to the server over the network connection, which is then processed simultaneously, whereas one client can be connected to several servers at a time, each providing a different set of services. In its simplest form, the Internet is also based on client-server architecture where the Web server serves many simultaneous users with Web page or website data. 

Client-server Architecture

There are two types of client-server architectures :

• 2-tier architectures: Client directly interact with the server. It may have some security holes and performance problems. Internet Explorer and Web Server works on two-tier architecture. The security problems are resolved using Secure Socket Layer (SSL). 
• 3-tier architectures: One more software sits in between client and server, and it is called middleware. Middleware are used to perform all the security checks and load balancing in case of heavy load. A middleware takes all requests from the client and afer doing required authentication it passes that request to the server. The server then does required processing and sends response back to the middleware and finally it passes this response back to the client. One of the middleware is Web Logic, and place it in between Web Server and Web Browsers. 

IP Address

A numerical label assigned to each device participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. In another word, it is a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. The IP address is usually expressed as four decimal numbers, each representing eight bits, separated by periods. This is sometimes know as the dot address and, more technically, as dotted quad notation. For example, 127.0.0.1 could be an IP address. 

IP Addressing

In the original Internet routing scheme developed in the 1970s, sites were assigned addresses from one of three classes: Class A, Class B and Class C. The address classes differ in size and number. Class A addresses are the largest but there are few of them. Class Cs are the smallest but they are numerous. Class D and E are also defined, but not used in normal operation. 

The Domain Name System

The DNS is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. It associates various information with domain names assigned to each of the participating entities. Most prominently, it translates domain names, which can be easily memorized by humans, to the numerical IP addresses needed for the purpose of computer services and devices worldwide. It is an essential component of the funtionality of most Internet services. (wikipedia)

It serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. The DNS can quickly updated, allowing a service's location on the network to change without affecting the end users, who continue to use the same host name.

Generic top-level domains :

.com

.org

.net

.int

.edu

.gov

Country code top-level domains:

.ac - (Ascension Island)

.ad - (Andorra)

.ae - (UAE)

.au - (Australia)

.br - (Brazil)

.jp - (Japan)

.my - (Malaysia)

.ps - (State of Palastine)

.tr - (Turkey)

.us - (U.S.A)

So, we think that's all for today's post. We hope it can help you and give you some information about the Internet. We're pretty sure that the questions of the Internet are answered. 

Sayonara, have a good day! XOXO.